Jordan (/ˈdʒɔːrdən/; Arabic: الأردن Al-Urdunn), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية Al-Mamlakah
Al-Urdunnīyah Al-Hāshimīyah), is an Arab kingdom in Western
Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan
River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi
Arabia to the
east and south, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, Israel, Palestine and the Dead
Sea to the
west and the Red Sea in its extreme south-west.[6] Jordan is strategically located at the
crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe.[7] The capital, Amman, is
Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and
cultural centre.[8]
Jordan is named after the Jordan River, The name
Jordan appears in an ancient Egyptian papyrus called Papyrus
Anastasi I, dating back to around
1000 BC.[20] The lands of modern-day Jordan were
historically called "Transjordan", meaning "beyond the Jordan
River". The name was Arabized into "Al-Urdunn" during the Muslim
conquest of the Levant. During crusader rule, it was called "Oultrejordain". In 1921, the Emirate of
Transjordan was
established and after it gained its independence in 1946, it became "The
Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan". The name was changed in 1949 into
"The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan". "Hashemite" is the house name of the royal family.
Religion
and languages
Islam sunni the dominant religion in Jordan. Muslims make
up about 92% of the country's population; in turn, 93% of those self-identify
as Sunnis.[200] There are also a small number of Ahmadi Muslims,[201] and some Shiites. Many Shia are Iraqi and Lebanese refugees.[202] Muslims who convert to another religion as well
as missionaries from other religions face societal and legal discrimination.[203]
Jordanian Christians number
around 250,000, all of whom are Arabic-speaking, according to a 2014 estimate
by the Orthodox Church. The study excluded minority Christian groups and the
thousands of western, Iraqi and Syrian Christians residing in Jordan.[205]
The official language is Modern
Standard Arabic, a literary
language taught in the schools.[212] Most Jordanians natively speak one of the
non-standard Arabic dialects known as Jordanian Arabic. Jordanian Sign
Language is the
language of the deaf community. English, though without official status, is
widely spoken throughout the country and is the de facto language of commerce and banking, as
well as a co-official status in the education sector; almost all
university-level classes are held in English and almost all public schools
teach English along with Standard Arabic.
Cuisine
Jordanian cuisine is part
of Levantine cuisine and shares many traits and similarities with
the cuisine of Lebanon, Palestine and Syrian, often with some local variations. More generally Jordanian cuisine is
influenced by historical connections to the cuisine of Turkey and the former Ottoman Empire.
Food is a very important
aspect of Jordanian culture. In villages, meals are a community event with
immediate and extended family present. In addition, food is commonly used by
Jordanians to express their hospitality and generosity.
Main
dishes
|
Burghul Ahmar (البرغل الأحمر)
|
|
|
Burghul Bzeit (برغل بالزيت)
|
Bulgur cooked in olive oil and
served with poultry.
|
|
White beans cooked in tomato
sauce and served with rice.
|
Tourism
Tourism is one
of the most important sectors in Jordan's economy. In 2010, over
8 million tourists from various countries visited Jordan,
Jordan also
offers health tourism, which is
focused in the Dead Sea area, education tourism, hiking, scuba diving in Aqaba's coral reefs, pop-culture tourism and shopping
tourism in Jordan's cities. More than half of the approximate 4.8 million Arab
tourists in 2009, mainly from the GCC, said they plan to spend their holidays in Jordan
- Ajloun has a medieval Crusader castle
·
.[7] Jerash is famous for its ancient Roman architecture, with colonnaded streets, Corinthian arches, outdoor Roman Theaters and the Oval Plaza.
Sports
Football is the most popular sport in Jordan.[161] The national
football team has
improved in recent years, though it has yet to qualify for the World Cup.[220] In 2013, Jordan lost a chance to play at
the 2014 World Cup when they lost to Uruguay during inter-confederation play-offs. This
was the highest that Jordan had advanced in the World Cup qualifying rounds
since 1986.[224] The women's football team is also
gaining reputation,[225] and in March 2016 ranked 58th in the world.[226] Jordan hosted the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, the first women's sports
tournament in the Middle East.[227]
Less common sports are gaining popularity. Rugby is increasing in popularity, a Rugby Union
is recognized by the Jordan Olympic Committee which supervises three national
teams.[228] Although cycling is not widespread in Jordan, the sport is
developing rapidly as a lifestyle and a new way to travel especially among the
youth.[229] In 2014, a NGO Make Life Skate Life completed construction of the 7Hills Skatepark, the
first skatepark in the country located in Downtown Amman.[230]
Capital :
Amman
Offical language :
Arabic
Currency :
Dinar yordania
Government :
unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Legislature :
parliament
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